Traditional Hierarchy of Angels

"For those with faith, no evidence is necessary; for those without it, no evidence will suffice." ~ Thomas Equinas

Celestial Hierarchy - Traditional hierarchy of angels, as found in Christian theology and mysticism, often stems from the writings of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, a mystical theologian from the late 5th to early 6th century.  Later, in the 13th century, St Thomas Aquinas further elaborate to include nine orders or choirs. This hierarchy, sometimes referred to as the "Celestial Hierarchy," categorizes angels into three spheres or triads, each consisting of three orders. Here's a simplified version of this hierarchy:

First Sphere:

1. Seraphim: These are believed to be the highest order of angels, closest to the presence of God. They are associated with love, light, and burning passion for God.
2. Cherubim: Often depicted as guardians, cherubim are associated with wisdom and are thought to have knowledge of God's mysteries.
3. Thrones: Also called "Ophanim," thrones are associated with divine justice and serve as the celestial chariots upon which God rides.

Second Sphere:
4. Dominions: These angels are believed to regulate the duties of the lower angels and govern the celestial bodies.
5. Virtues: Virtues are responsible for miracles and blessings on Earth, maintaining the natural order.
6. Powers: Also known as "Authorities," powers are warriors against evil forces and guard against demonic influence.

Third Sphere:
7. Principalities: Principalities oversee the governance of nations, cities, and institutions, ensuring order and harmony.
8. Archangels: Archangels are prominent messengers of God, often delivering important announcements or carrying out significant tasks.
9. Angels: This lowest choir of angels is closest to humanity, often serving as messengers, guides, and protectors for individuals.

This hierarchy reflects a hierarchical structure within the angelic realm, with each order having specific roles and responsibilities in the divine plan. It's important to note that interpretations of angelic hierarchies may vary among different theological traditions within Christianity.

St Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican friar and theologian of the 13th century, is renowned for his extensive works in philosophy and theology, including his writings on angels. Aquinas drew heavily upon the writings of earlier theologians, particularly Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, to develop his understanding of angelology.

Aquinas' treatment of angels is primarily found in his monumental work, the "Summa Theologica," specifically in the First Part, Questions 50-64, which deal with angels and their nature. While Aquinas generally accepted the hierarchical structure of angels proposed by Pseudo-Dionysius, he provided additional insights and clarifications based on his own philosophical framework, heavily influenced by Aristotelian thought.

Here's a brief overview of Aquinas' understanding of angels:

1. Existence and Nature: Aquinas argued for the existence of angels as purely spiritual beings, devoid of matter. He posited that angels are intellects endowed with will, possessing knowledge and free will. Unlike humans, angels lack bodies and sensory experiences.

2. Hierarchy: Aquinas affirmed the hierarchical ordering of angels into various choirs or orders, with each choir having distinct roles and responsibilities. However, he emphasized that this hierarchy is not based on superiority or inferiority but rather on the degree of participation in divine illumination and governance.

3. Attributes and Functions: Aquinas described angels as possessing various attributes, including immutability, immortality, and incorporeality. He attributed three primary functions to angels: knowledge, love, and action. Angels excel in intellectual knowledge, love of God, and the execution of divine commands.

4. Guardian Angels: Aquinas affirmed the belief in guardian angels, asserting that each individual is assigned a guardian angel to protect and guide them throughout their lives.

5. Fallen Angels: Aquinas discussed the concept of fallen angels, referring to those angels who rebelled against God and were cast out of heaven. He associated the fall of angels with pride and disobedience.

Overall, Aquinas' writings on angels are characterized by his systematic approach, blending theology with philosophy to elucidate the nature, attributes, and functions of these celestial beings within the framework of Christian doctrine. His insights continue to influence theological discourse on angelology within the Catholic tradition and beyond.